📄 Category

cancer biology

161 papers

Cancer biology explores the complex ways cells grow out of control, investigating the genetic mutations and environmental factors that drive tumor formation. This field seeks to understand how healthy cells transform into malignant ones and how these rogue cells spread throughout the body. By decoding these fundamental mechanisms, researchers aim to develop more effective treatments that target the disease at its source while sparing healthy tissue.

At Gist.Science, we process every new preprint published in this category directly from bioRxiv to ensure you stay ahead of the curve. Our team provides both accessible plain-language overviews and detailed technical summaries for each study, bridging the gap between raw research data and practical understanding. Whether you are a specialist or a curious reader, our goal is to make these critical findings clear and actionable.

Below are the latest papers in cancer biology, offering fresh insights into the ongoing fight against this disease.

Molecular architecture of the tumor microenvironment caused by BRCA1 and BRCA2 somatic mutations in lung adenocarcinoma

This study utilizes single-cell and multi-omics analyses to reveal that while BRCA1 and BRCA2 somatic mutations in lung adenocarcinoma drive distinct transcriptional programs and immune microenvironment alterations—such as differential T cell activation and tissue-resident memory T cell expansion—they collectively predict improved responses to immune checkpoint blockade despite being associated with genomic instability and poor prognosis.

Liao, G., Yang, X., Liu, Q., Nan, S., Liu, Y., Li, J., Huang, S., Ning, W., Qin, X., Xu, G.2026-04-11📄 cancer biology

Enteroviral epitope mimicry enables NK cell-mediated targeting of ASPH in hepatocellular carcinoma

This study reveals that antibodies against a specific enterovirus epitope (CE1) protect against hepatocellular carcinoma by cross-reacting with the tumor-associated protein ASPH via molecular mimicry, thereby triggering NK cell-mediated tumor destruction.

Hung, M. H., Li, Q., Wang, L., Forgues, M., Lee, A. S., Jenkins, L. M., Maity, T. K., Buffington, J., Chaisaingmongkol, J., Rabibhadana, S., Ruchirawat, M., Ho, M., Wang, X. W.2026-04-10📄 cancer biology

Marker-based CRISPR screens identify POU2F1 as a regulator of DLL3 and neuroendocrine identity in small cell lung cancer

Through CRISPR screening and epigenomic analysis, this study identifies POU2F1 as a critical, context-specific transcriptional activator of DLL3 and neuroendocrine identity in small cell lung cancer, operating via a tandem cis-regulatory code with ASCL1.

Cunniff, P., Fitzpatrick, C., Bauer, J., Skopelitis, D., Klingbeil, O., Yoshimoto, T., Joshua-Tor, L., Vakoc, C. R.2026-04-10📄 cancer biology

The HPV E7 oncoprotein promotes LIM and SH3 Domain Protein 1 (LASP1) transcription via the Rb/E2F1 signalling pathway in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells

This study reveals that the HPV E7 oncoprotein drives LASP1 transcription in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells by degrading Rb to activate E2F1, which directly binds to and promotes the LASP1 promoter, thereby establishing an additional mechanism alongside miR-203 downregulation that underscores LASP1's critical role in cancer progression.

Wang, M., Li, Y., Patterson, M. R., Scarth, J. A., Morgan, E. L., Macdonald, A.2026-04-10📄 cancer biology

Brief report on the development of patient-derived lung cancer organoids with keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma morphology

This study demonstrates that patient-derived lung cancer organoids successfully replicate the unique histological features, including keratin pearl structures and specific tumor markers, of their parent keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas, establishing them as high-fidelity 3D models for advancing preclinical drug testing and understanding tumor biology.

O'Sullivan, E., Cahill, C., O'Brien, R. M., Elgenaidi, I. S., McManus, G., Mc Cormack, W., Hurley, S., Staunton, L. M., Nicholson, S., Finn, S., Ryan, R., Fitzmaurice, G. J., Lowery, M. A., O'Sullivan (…)2026-04-10📄 cancer biology

A SIRT5-induced metabolic switch underlies chemoresistance and ATR checkpoint dependence in triple-negative breast cancer

This study identifies that SIRT5 overexpression in triple-negative breast cancer drives chemoresistance by orchestrating a metabolic switch that enhances nucleotide production and oxidative phosphorylation, while simultaneously creating a therapeutic vulnerability to ATR inhibition due to induced replication stress.

Ren, Z., Bernasocchi, T., Kurmi, K., Guo, C., Jiang, K., Zaniewski, E., Lam, G., Islam, K. N., Joshi, S., Li, X., Smidt, I., Morris, R., Ordway, B., Bossuyt, V., Wang, G. X., Chou, S.-H., Zou, L., San (…)2026-04-09📄 cancer biology

Myeloma and therapy reshape the bone marrow niche to durably constrain immune reconstitution and vaccine responsiveness

This study reveals that multiple myeloma and its treatments, including autologous stem cell transplant, durably reshape the bone marrow niche to impair immune reconstitution and vaccine responses, a defect that can be overcome by lipid nanoparticle-adjuvanted mRNA vaccines.

Chander, A., Rachid Zaim, S., Dillon, M. A., Genge, P. C., Moss, N., McGrath, P. I., Kopp, M. S., Lee, K. J., Kuan, E. L., Reading, J., Hernandez, V., Song, X., Singh, M., Garber, J., LaFrance, C. M. (…)2026-04-09📄 cancer biology

Ex Vivo Assay for Organ-Specific Cancer Cell Invasion

This study presents a scalable ex vivo platform using decellularized mouse organ scaffolds that preserves native tissue-specific matrix cues to accurately recapitulate organ-selective cancer cell invasion patterns, offering a cost-effective alternative to in vivo models for studying metastasis and testing therapies.

Tyckaert, F., Göddertz, P. F., Reichhold, M., Sarg, B., Faserl, K., Paton Gonzalez, P., Eichin, F., Villunger, A., Ormanns, S., Redl, S., Hofmann, J., Hautz, T., Baschieri, F.2026-04-08📄 cancer biology

Single-section multiplexed imaging enables comprehensive lung cancer diagnosis

This study demonstrates that a single-section multiplexed imaging approach using a clinically informed antibody panel enables comprehensive, accurate, and tissue-efficient lung cancer diagnosis by simultaneously integrating tumor classification, biomarker assessment, and immune profiling while overcoming the limitations of traditional sequential testing.

Ben-uri, R., Keidar Haran, T., Bussi, Y., Vainer, G., Arnon, J., Pillar, N., Sourikh, H., Fuchs, I., Elhanani, O., Neuman, T., Pikarsky, E., Keren, L.2026-04-08📄 cancer biology